Advanced financial accounting & reporting

FINAL GROUP - IV PAPER - 16 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & REPORTING The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India 12, SUDDER STREET, KOLKATA - 700 016 First Edition : January 2008 Revised Edition : March 2009 Second Revised Edition : June 2010 Published by: Directorate of Studies The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India 12, SUDDER STREET, KOLKATA - 700 016 Printed at : India Limited, 50/2, TTC MIDC Industrial Area, Mahape, Navi Mumbai - 400 710, India Copyright of these Study Notes is reserved by the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India and prior permission from the Institute is necessary for reproduction of the whole or any part thereof. CONTENTS Page No. Study

Note - 1 Introduction to IAS, USGAAP, Indian Accounting Standard ............................................................ 1 1.1 Framework of Accounting ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 Meaning of Accounting ......................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Objectives and Functions of Accounting ............................................................................ 3 1.1.4 Fundamental Accounting Assumptions ............................................................................. 3 1.1.5 Limitations of Accounting .................................................................................................... 4 1.1.6 Financial Statements .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1.7 Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Statements .......................................................... 5 1.2 Accounting Standards - Applicability, Interpretation, Scope and Compliance ............... 7 1.3 US GAAPS .......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Established Accounting Principles in the US ..................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Other Accounting Literature ................................................................................................ 11 1.3.3 AICPA ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.4 FASB ......................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.5 Components of US GAAP ..................................................................................................... 11 1.4 International Accounting Standards .............................................................................................. 13 1.4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.4.2 Extract of the International Accounting Standards ........................................................... 13 1.5 International Financial Reporting Standards ................................................................................ 29 1.6 A Comparison IGAAP - US GAAP - IFRS ..................................................................................... 39 Study Note - 2 Preparation of Company Accounts under Various Circumstances .................................................... 49 2.1 Merger and Acquisitions .................................................................................................................. 50 2.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 50 2.1.2 What is Merger? ..................................................................................................................... 50 2.1.3 Varieties of Mergers ............................................................................................................... 51 2.1.4 Acquisitions............................................................................................................................. 51 2.1.5 Types of Acquisitions ............................................................................................................ 52 2.1.6 Distinction Between Mergers and Acquisitions ................................................................ 52 2.2 Accounting for Mergers and Acquisitions..................................................................................... 54 2.2.1 Methods of Accounting ......................................................................................................... 55 Pooling of Interest Method .................................................................................................. 55 Purchase Method .................................................................................................................... 56 2.2.2 How to Value an Acquisition ............................................................................................... 60 Page No. 2.2.3 Sources of Gains from Acquisitions .................................................................................... 60 2.2.4 Valuation Procedures ............................................................................................................ 61 2.3 External Reconstruction.................................................................................................................... 62 Illustrations ........................................................................................................................................ 66 I Computation and Discharge of Purchase Consideration ................................................. 66 II Basics of Amalgamation and Absorption ........................................................................... 73 III Purchasing Company holding shares in Selling Company ............................................. 118 IV Selling Company holding shares in Purchasing Company ............................................. 142 V Cross Holding ......................................................................................................................... 146 VI Chain Holding ........................................................................................................................ 155 VII Internal Reconstruction ......................................................................................................... 158 VIII Reverse Merger ....................................................................................................................... 171 IX External Reconstruction ........................................................................................................ 176 X Surrender of Shares ................................................................................................................ 179 XI Demerger ................................................................................................................................. 182 XII Sales of Division ..................................................................................................................... 205 XIII Impact of Reconstruction over Wealth of Investor and Company ................................. 208 XIV Buy back of Shares ................................................................................................................. 211 XV Conversion .............................................................................................................................. 217 Study Note - 3 Group Financial Statements ...................................................................................................................... 225 3.1 Holding Company ............................................................................................................................. 226 3.2 Methods of Combination ................................................................................................................ 226 3.3 Accounting Treatment ...................................................................................................................... 227 3.4 Preparation of Group Cash Flow Statement ................................................................................. 299 3.5 Statement of Cash Flows .................................................................................................................. 300 3.6 Illustrations on Cash Flow Statement ............................................................................................. 304 Study...

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