Performance Tuning for SAP R/3

Performance Tuning for SAP R/3 Copyright 1997 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Bulletin of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Data Engineering Alfons Kemper Donald Kossmann Bernhard Zeller University of Passau, Germany http://www.db.fmi.uni-passau.de 1 Introduction SAP R/3 is the most successful product for enterprise resource planning (ERP). It is used by most Fortune 500 companies and comprises modules for human resource management, accounting, logistics, etc. Like many other application systems, SAP R/3 is based on a commercial relational database system which is used to store all R/3 related data; e.g., a company’s sales information. When installing R/3, it is possible to choose among

several commercial systems; e.g., Adabas D, IBM UDB, Informix Adaptive Server, Microsoft SQL Server, or Oracle 8. Obviously, very good performance is crucial for users of SAP R/3. In many companies, transactions of thousands of users must be processed concurrently by SAP R/3 and the underlying database system. In addition, the size of the database can become very large. Today, the largest SAP R/3 databases have about 1.5 terabytes; in a few years, these databases are likely to grow several times that size as a result of new R/3 releases and developments; e.g., component architecture or SAP’s business information warehouse. Unfortunately, tuning the performance of an SAP R/3 system is very di cult because both the R/3 application system and the underlying database system must be tuned. Furthermore, the performance of an R/3 system can su er because parts of R/3 were designed and implemented in the early eighties at a time when commercial database systems and their interfaces were immature. Finally, SAP R/3 is an open system that allows customers and third-party vendors to integrate specialized modules which are not part of the R/3 standard. Such modules can severely hurt the performance of the whole system, if they are...

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2008 Nissan Xterra Owners Manual

Heater and air conditioner controls 4 2 Servicing air conditioner 4 9 Air flow charts 4 6 Alarm system See vehicle security system 2 21 Anchor point locations 1 26 Antenna 4 27 Anti lock brake warning light 2 13 Anti lock Braking System ABS 5 31 Audible reminders 2 21.

Audio system 4 10 Compact Disc CD changer 4 23 Compact disc CD player 4 18 FM AM radio with compact disc CD player 4 16 FM AM radio with compact disc CD player 4 20 Radio 4 10 Audio System Settings 4 21 Audio system Steering wheel audio control switch 4 26 Automatic Automatic power window switch 2 45 Automatic transmission position indicator light 2 17 Driving with automatic transmission 5 12 Transmission selector lever lock release 5 14 Automatic anti glare inside mirror 3 13 AUX jack 4 25 B Battery Charge warning light Before starting the engine Belt See drive belt Block heater Engine Bluetooth hands free phone system 8 13 2 14 5 10 8 15 Booster seats 1 37 Brake Anti lock Braking System ABS 5 31 Brake fluid 8 11 Brake light See stop light 8 28 Brake system 5 30 Brake warning light 2 13 Brake wear indicators 2 21 8 21 Parking brake operation 5 17 Self adjusting brakes 8 21 Brakes 8 21 Break in schedule 5 20 Brightness control Instrument panel 2 27 Bulb check instrument panel 2 13 Bulb replacement 8 28 C Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants 9 2 Car phone or CB radio 4 27 Cargo light 2 47 Cargo net 2 40 Cargo See vehicle loading information 9 12 CD care and cleaning 4 25 CD changer See audio system 4 23 CD player See audio system 4 18 Child restraint with top tether strap 1 26 Child restraints 1 12 1 13 1 22 1 24 5 36 4 28 REVIEW COPY 2008 Xterra xtr Owners Manual USA English nna 06 26 07 debbie Precautions on child restraints 1 22 1 31 1 37 Top tether strap anchor point locations 1 26 Child safety rear door lock 3 5 Chimes audible reminders 2 21 Cleaning exterior and interior 7 2 Clock 4 17 Clutch Clutch fluid 8 12 Clutch interlock clutch start switch 2 31 C M V S S certification label 9 10 Cold weather driving 5 35 Compact disc CD player 4 18 Console box 2 34 Controls Audio controls steering wheel 4 26 Heater and air conditioner controls 4 2 Coolant Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants 9 2 Changing engine coolant 8 8 Checking engine coolant level 8 7 Engine coolant temperature gauge 2 6 Corrosion protection 7 5 Cruise control 5 18 Cup holders 2 36 Curtain side impact and rollover air bag 1 54 D Daytime running light system Canada only 2 26 Defroster switch Rear window and outside mirror defroster switch 2 25 Dimensions and weights Dimmer switch for instrument panel Door locks Door open warning light Drive belt Driving Cold weather driving Driving with automatic transmission Driving with manual transmission

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2006 Nissan Xterra Quick Reference Manual

To fold the front passenger s seatback flat for extra storage length when transporting long items Slide the seat to the rearmost position Lift up on the recline lever located on the outside edge of the seat and fold the seatback forward as far as it will go 01 01 02 02 To set the clock press and hold the CLOCK button until it beeps The hours will start flashing Press CAT FOLDER or SEEK TRACK to adjust the hours Press the CLOCK button to switch to the minute adjustment Press CAT FOLDER or SEEK TRACK to adjust the minutes SEEK TRACK BUTTON Press the UNLOCk button once to unlock the driver s door only Press the button again within 5 seconds to unlock all doors USING THE PANIC ALARM HILL START ASSIST HSA if so equipped 03 E LOCK SWITCH if so equipped The Electronic Locking Rear Differential E Lock system can help provide added traction if the vehicle is stuck or becoming stuck To activate the E Lock system The 4WD switch must be in the 4LO position 4 wheel drive vehicles The vehicle must be stopped or moving at 4 MPH 7 km h or less and The E Lock system switch must be turned on Once the vehicle is moving or under way the system should be turned off FOLDING THE SECOND ROW BENCH SEAT 05 CAT FOLDER BUTTON CHILD SAFETY REAR DOOR LOCK Child safety locks help prevent the rear doors from being opened accidentally especially when small children are in the vehicle The child safety lock levers are located on the edge of the rear doors When the lever is in the LOCK position the door can be opened only from the outside To manually tune the radio press the CAT FOLDER tune button or or turn the tuning knob to the right or left To move quickly through the channels hold either the or button down for more than 1 5 seconds 06 LOAD BUTTON 01 Shift 07 STATION AND CD SELECT BUTTONS Nissan the Nissan Brand Symbol SHIFT tagline Z and Nissan model names are Nissan trademarks 2006 Nissan North America Inc QR6E 0N50U1 Printing April 2006 04 To store a radio station in a preset you must first select A B or C memory bank by pressing the PRESET A B C button and tuning to the desired AM FM or SAT station.

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2007 Nissan Sentra Owners Manual

Bulb check instrument panel 2 8 Bulb replacement 8 28 C Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants 9 2 Car phone or CB radio 4 36 Cargo See vehicle loading information 9 14 CD care and cleaning 4 34 CD changer See audio system 4 32 CD player See audio system 4 23 4 27 Child restraint with top tether strap 1 26 Child restraints.

Children System License plate Installing the license plate 9 13 9 12 9 12 9 11 9 12 8 25 3 16 3 6 3 2 3 3 Gas cap Gauge Engine coolant temperature gauge Engine oil pressure gauge Fuel consumption gauge Fuel gauge Odometer Speedometer Tachometer Trip odometer General maintenance Glove box Glove box lock H Hands free phone system Bluetooth 3 24 2 6 2 6 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 8 2 2 27 2 27 4 37 Ignition switch 5 6 Immobilizer system 2 16 3 2 5 9 Important vehicle information label 9 12 In cabin microfilter 8 19 Increasing fuel economy 5 21 Indicator lights and audible reminders See warning indicator lights and audible reminders 2 8 Inside mirror 3 27 Instrument brightness control 2 21 Instrument panel 0 6 2 2 Instrument panel dimmer switch 2 21 Intelligent Key system 3 10 Key operating range 3 11 Key operation 3 12 Mechanical key 3 3 Remote keyless entry operation 3 16 Troubleshooting guide 3 21 Warning signals 3 21 Interior light 2 34 Interior trunk lid release 3 23 9 10 1 56 4 5 1 24 9 13 10 3 REVIEW COPY 2007 Sentra sen Owners Manual USA English nna 11 28 06 arosenma Light Air bag warning light 1 56 2 12 Brake light See stop light 8 28 Bulb check instrument panel 2 8 Bulb replacement 8 28 Charge warning light 2 9 Fog light switch 2 21 Headlight and turn signal switch 2 19 Headlight control switch 2 19 Headlights 8 27 Interior light 2 34 Light bulbs 8 27 Low tire pressure warning light 2 11 Low washer fluid warning light 2 12 Passenger air bag and status light 1 50 Security indicator light 2 14 Spotlights See map light 2 35 Trunk light 2 36 Warning indicator lights and audible reminders 2 8 Lights Map lights 2 35 Lock Child safety rear door lock 3 6 Door locks 3 4 Fuel filler door lock opener lever 3 24 Glove box lock 2 27 Power door locks 3 5 Trunk lid lock opener lever 3 23 Low fuel warning light 2 11 Low tire pressure warning light 2 11 Low washer fluid warning light 2 12 Luggage See vehicle loading information 9 14 M Maintenance General maintenance Inside the vehicle Maintenance precautions Outside the vehicle Seat belt maintenance Under the hood and vehicle Malfunction indicator light Manual front seat adjustment Manual windows Map lights Map pocket Meters and gauges Instrument brightness control Mirror Inside mirror Outside mirror control Vanity mirror N NISSAN vehicle immobilizer system 2 16 3 2 5 9 O Octane rating See fuel octane rating 9 4 Odometer 2 4 Oil Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants 9 2 8 2 8 3 8 5 8 2 1 22 8 4 2 13 1 2 2 32 2 35 2 23 2 3 2 21 Changing engine oil Changing engine oil filter Checking engine oil level Engine oil Engine oil and oil filter recommendation Engine oil viscosity Outside mirror control Overheat If your vehicle overheats Owner s manual order form Owner s manual service manual order information P 8 11 8 12 8 9 8 9 9 5 9 5 3 27 6 10 9 27 9 27 3 27 3 27 3 26 Parking Parking brake operation 5 18 Parking parking on hills 5 22 Phone Bluetooth hands free system 4 37 Power Power door locks 3 5 Power outlet 2 23 Power rear windows.

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Fuel and exhaust systems - K-Jetronic fuel injection - 16 valve engines

The components of the K-Jetronic fuel injection system fitted to the 1.8 litre 16V engine are as shown (see illustrations). All procedures are the same as described in Part B of this Chapter except for those given in the following Sections.
2 Idle speed - adjustment
1. Run the engine to normal operating temperature, then check that all electrical components are switched off. Note that the electric cooling fan must not be running during the adjustment procedure.
2. Disconnect the crankcase ventilation hose (see illustration).
3. Connect a tachometer and an exhaust gas analyser to the engine.
4. If the injector pipes have been removed and refitted just prior to adjustment, run the engine to 3000 rpm several times then allow it to idle for at least two minutes.
5. Check that when the ignition is switched on, the idling stabilisation control valve is heard to buzz. If not, check the system with reference to Section 3.
6. Disconnect the wiring plug for the idle stabilisation system. This is located near the ignition coil (see illustration).
7. Allow the engine to idle, then check that the idle speed is 1000 ± 50 rpm. If necessary, remove the cap and turn the idle speed adjustment screw as required (see illustration).

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2003 Nissan Sentra Owners Manual

Parking brake operation 5 13 Self adjusting brakes 8 30 Break in schedule 5 15 Bulb check instrument panel 2 7 Bulb replacement 8 36 C Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants 9 2 Car phone or CB radio 4 19 Cargo See vehicle loading information 9 12 CD changer See audio system 4 17 CD player See audio system 4 15 Check engine indicator light See malfunction indicator light 2 9 Child restraint with top tether strap 1 34 Child restraints 1 20 1 21 1 25 1 33 Precautions on child restraints 1 25 Child safety rear door lock 3 5 Chimes audible reminders 2 10 Cleaning exterior and interior 7 2 Clock 4 13 Clutch Clutch fluid 8 19 Coin box 2 22 Cold weather driving 5 20 Compact disc CD player 4 15 Console box 2 23 Controls Heater and air conditioner controls 4 2 Coolant Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants 9 2 Changing engine coolant 8 10 Checking engine coolant level 8 9 Engine coolant temperature gauge 2 5 Corrosion protection 7 5 Cruise control 5 13 Cup holders

REVIEW COPY 2003 Sentra b15 Owners Manual owners USA English nna 12 20 02 cathy D Daytime running light system Canada only Defogger switch Rear window defogger switch Door locks Door open warning light Drive belts Driving Cold weather driving Driving with automatic transmission Driving with manual transmission Precautions when starting and driving E Economy fuel Emission control information label Emission control system warranty Engine Before starting the engine Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants Changing engine coolant Changing engine oil Changing engine oil filter Checking engine coolant level Checking engine oil level Engine compartment check locations Engine coolant temperature gauge Engine cooling system Engine oil Engine oil and oil filter recommendation Engine oil pressure warning light 5 15 9 11 9 18 5 6 9 2 8 10 8 13 8 14 8 9 8 12 8 9 2 5 8 9 8 12 9 5 2 8 2 18 2 16 3 3 2 8 8 22 5 20 5 7 5 10 5 2 Engine oil viscosity Engine serial number Starting the engine Exhaust gas Carbon monoxide F 9 5 9 10 5 6 5 2 Fusible links 8 31 G Gauge Engine coolant temperature gauge Fuel gauge Odometer Speedometer Tachometer Trip odometer General maintenance Glove box H Hazard warning flasher switch Head restraints Headlight aiming adjustment Headlight and turn signal switch Headlights Heater Heater and air conditioner controls Heater operation Hood release Horn I Ignition switch 5 4 Immobilizer system 2 11 3 2 5 5 Important vehicle information label 9 10 In cabin microfilter 8 25 2 19 1 5 8 35 2 16 8 34 4 2 4 4 3 9 2 19 2 5 2 5 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 8 2 2 22 Flashers See hazard warning flasher switch Flat tire Floor mat positioning aid Fluid Automatic transmission fluid ATF Brake fluid Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants Clutch fluid Engine coolant Engine oil Power steering fluid Window washer fluid F M V S S certification label Folding rear seat Front fog light switch Front seats Fuel Capacities and recommended fuel lubricants Fuel economy Fuel filler cap Fuel filler lid lock opener lever Fuel gauge Fuel octane rating Fuel recommendation Fuses 2 19 6 2 7 4 8 15 8 18 9 2 8 19 8 9 8 12 8 18 8 20 9 10 1 4 2 18 1 2 9 2 5 15 3 12 3 12 2 5 9 4 9 3 8 31 10 2 REVIEW COPY 2003 Sentra b15 Owners Manual owners USA English nna 12 20 02 cathy Increasing fuel economy Indicator lights and audible reminders See warning indicator lights and audible reminders Inside mirror Instrument brightness control Instrument panel Interior light Interior trunk lid release J 5 15 2 7 3 14 2 18 2 2 2 27 3 11 Jump starting 6 7 K Key 3 2 Keyless entry system See remote keyless entry system 3 5 L Labels Air conditioner specification label 9 11 Emission control information label 9 11 Engine serial number 9 10 F M V S S certification label 9 10 Vehicle identification number VIN plate 9 9 Warning labels for SRS 1 16 LATCH Lower Anchors and Tether for Children System 1 33 License plate Installing the license plate 9 12 Light Air bag warning light 1 17 2 9 Brake light See stop light 8 36 Bulb check instrument panel 2 7 Bulb replacement 8 36 Charge warning light 2 8 Front fog light switch 2 18 Headlight aiming adjustment 8 35 Headlight and turn signal switch 2 16 Headlights 8 34 Interior light 2 27 Light bulbs 8 34 Low washer fluid warning light 2 8 Spotlights See map light 2 28 Trunk light 2 28 Warning indicator lights and audible reminders 2 7 Lock Child safety rear door lock 3 5 Door locks 3 3 Fuel filler lid lock opener lever 3 12 Power door locks.

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Fuel and exhaust systems - Mono Jetronic fuel injection

The Mono-Jetronic central fuel injection system is fitted to the 1.8 litre (code RP) engine. It is a simplified method of fuel injection (see illustrations). Fuel is injected into the inlet manifold by a single solenoid valve (fuel injector) mounted centrally in the top of the injector unit housing.
The length of time for which the injector remains open determines the quantity of fuel reaching the cylinders for combustion. The electrical signals which determine the fuel injector opening duration are calculated by the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) from information supplied by its network of sensors. Fuel pressure is regulated mechanically.

The signals fed to the ECU include the following:
a) The engine coolant temperature
b) The engine speed and crankshaft position - from the distributor
c) The position of the throttle valve plate - from the throttle position sensor
d) The oxygen content in the exhaust gases - via a sensor (Lambda probe) in the exhaust manifold
Using the information gathered from the various sensors, the ECU sends out signals to control the system actuators as required. The ECU also has a diagnostic function which can be used in conjunction with special VW test equipment for fault diagnosis. With the exception of basic checks to ensure that all relevant wiring and hoses are in good condition and securely connected, fault diagnosis should be entrusted to a VW dealer. Basic testing can be carried out on the system components covered in the following text. More detailed testing can be carried out by using specialised equipment but this must be entrusted to a VW dealer.

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2000-05 Volkswagen Jetta/Golf 1.8 K&N Drycharger Installation

The K&Nо Drycharger included with this kit must be installed on the K&Nо air filter when used with this K&Nо cold air intake system. The K&N cold air intake system a performance product that can be used safely during mild weather conditions. During harsh and inclement weather conditions, you must convert your cold air intake system to a short ram configuration, or return your vehicle to the stock OEM air box and intake tract configuration. Failure to follow these instructions can void your warranty.

Installation:
1. Turn off the ignition and disconnect the negative battery cable.
NOTE: Disconnecting the negative battery cable erases pre-programmed electronic memories. Write down all memory settings before disconnecting the negative battery cable. Some radios will require an anti-theft coded to be entered after the battery is reconnected. The anti-theft code is typically supplied with your owner’s manual. In the event your vehicles’ anti-theft code cannot be recovered, contact an authorized dealership to obtain your vehicles anti-theft code.
2. Depress the tabs on the side of the battery cover and remove as shown.
3. First disconnect the negative battery cable, then disconnect the positive battery cable as shown.
4. Disconnect the mass air sensor electrical connection as shown.
5. Loosen the hose clamp at the mass air sensor as shown.
6. Remove the air cleaner cover screws as shown.
7. Disconnect the air pump vent hose as shown.
8. Remove the air cleaner cover as shown.

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1996 Nissan Quest Owners Manual

The gauge needle is designed to remain in approximately the same position even when the ignition key is turned OFF Refill the fuel tank before the gauge registers at E empty 1 5 WARNING INDICATOR LIGHTS AND CHIMES AIC0583 Checking bulbs Apply the parking brake fasten seat belts and turn the ignition key to ON without starting the engine The following lights come on and stay on until the engine is started indicate a burned out bulb or an open circuit in the electrical system.

Have the system repaired promptly Engine oil pressure warning light This light warns of low engine oil pressure If the light flickers or comes on during normal driving pull off the road in a safe area stop the engine immediately and call a NISSAN dealer or other authorized repair shop Running the engine with the oil pressure warning light on could cause serious damage to the engine 1 6 The oil pressure warning light is not designed to indicate a low oil level Use the dipstick to check the oil level See Engine oil in the Do it yourself operations section Charge warning light If the light comes on while the engine is running it may indicate something wrong with the charging system Turn the engine off and check the generator belt If the belt is loose broken missing or if the light remains on see your NISSAN dealer immediately The following lights come on briefly and then go off ABS or If any light fails to come on it may CAUTION Do not continue driving if the belt is loose broken or missing Supplemental air bag warning light When the ignition key is in the ON or START position the supplemental air bag warning light illuminates for about 7 seconds and then turns off This means the Air Bag Supplemental Restraint System is operational If any of the following conditions occur the supplemental air bag system needs servicing and your vehicle should be taken to your nearest authorized NISSAN dealer as soon as practical 1 The supplemental air bag warning light does not come on for 7 seconds and then go off as described above 2 The supplemental air bag warning light flashes intermittently or remains on 3 The supplemental air bag warning light does not come on at all Unless checked and repaired the Air Bag Supplemental Restraint System may not function properly For additional details see Supplemental restraint system in the Predriving checks and adjustments section 1 7 Low washer fluid warning light This light comes on when the washer reservoir fluid is at a low level Add washer fluid as necessary See the Do it yourself operations section

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99-03 Jetta & 99-03 GTI; 98-05 Beetle Front Kit Installation

I. Preparing the Vehicle
1. Elevate the vehicle (Figure 1) and secure the body with jack stands.
2. Remove the front wheels (Figure 2).
II. Strut Removal
1. Remove left and right sway bar retaining bolts and save for reinstallation (Figure 3).
2. Remove the ABS line retaining clamps from the strut and discard
3. Remove the lower strut mounting bolt and save for later use (Figure 6).
4. Remove the upper strut mounting nut and discard, but retain the upper mounting bracket (Figure 7).
NOTE: This is located inside the engine compartment above the strut pocket.
5. Remove the O.E.M. strut from the vehicle (Figure 8).
6. Repeat steps 1-5 for the other side of the vehicle.
III. Preparing the Upper Strut Mounting Bracket
1. Using a spring compressor for safety, remove the nut from the upper strut mount and discard (Figure 9).
2. Remove the upper strut mount and bearing from the strut and retain for later use (Figure 10).

Installing the Air Lines
NOTE: If you will be installing an air management system with this kit, follow the instructions below. If you will not be installing an air management system at this time, continue to section V.
1. Refer to the air management system instruction manual for directions on how to install your particular system.
2. Secure the air lines underneath the vehicle away from heat sources.
NOTE: It may be helpful to install the strut before securing the air lines. Refer to section V for strut installation instructions.
NOTE: It may be helpful to secure the air lines using existing brake line or ABS mounts.

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2008 Nissan Pathfinder Online Reference Guide

For vehicles without Navigation system To deactivate Press and hold the and buttons for at least 2 seconds To activate Press and hold the and LPD0150 lpd0151 least 2 seconds buttons for at LPD0150 lpd0151 For vehicles with Navigation system Refer to the Display screen heater air conditioner and audio systems section in your Owners Manual for the procedure.

If you change the horn beep feature with the keyfob the display screen will not show the current mode and cannot be used to change the mode Use the keyfob to return to the previous mode and re enable the display screen control intelligent key systeM if so equipped The Intelligent Key System allows you to lock or unlock your vehicle and start the engine NOTE It is important to make sure the Intelligent Key is with you that is in your pocket or purse The operating range of the door and trunk lock unlock function is approximately 31 in 0 8 m Locking the vehicle Push any door handle Request Switch 01 once Unlocking the vehicle Push any door handle Request Switch 01 once The corresponding door will unlock Push the door handle Request Switch 01 again within 1 minute all other doors including liftgate and liftgate glass will unlock 01 It is also possible to change the default settings of the Intelligent Key unlock lock by using the Comfort Convenience mode under Settings in the control panel StaRtiNg the eNgiNe Push the ignition knob in Confirm the Intelligent Key warning light is illuminated green Turn the ignition knob to start the engine 2 tURNiNg the eNgiNe OFF Shift the transmission into P Park Turn the ignition knob to the LOCK position An audible warning chime will sound when exiting the vehicle if the ignition knob is not completely turned to the OFF position Windshield Wiper Washer sWitch The ignition switch must be in the ON position to activate the windshield wipers Move the lever to the following positions to operate the windshield wipers 1a 04 1b 05 Intermittent iNt Front wipers operate intermittently and can be further adjusted by twisting the time control ring 1b Low Speed LO Continuous low speed operation of front wipers High Speed hi Continuous high speed operation of front wipers Mist miSt Lift the lever up for one sweep of the front wipers Rear Wipers ReaR Twist the end section to operate the first iNt or second ON speed settings for the rear wipers 02 03 04 05 1a 02 03 The washer function activates the washer fluid and several sweeps of the wipers.

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1994 Subaru Impreza Service Manual

Engine section : on car service, engine (DOHC), engine lubrication system, fuel injection system, fuel system, exhaust system, clutch, engine and transmission mounting system, transmission and differential section : manual transmission and differential, automatic transmission and differential, AWD system.

Mechanical components section : Suspension, wheels and axles, steering system, brakes, pedal system and control cables, Air conditioning system. Body section : body and exterior, instrument panel, supplement restraint system. Electrical system : body electrical system. Diagnostics system : fuel injection system, body electrical system, wiring diagram. Schedule of inspection and maintenance services : Drive belts, except camshaft, inspect drive belt tension, Camshaft drive belt (Timing Belt), engine oil, engine oil filter, replace engine coolant and inspect cooling system, hoses and connections, replace fuel filter and inspect fuel system, lines and connections, Air cleaner element, Spark plugs. Automatic transmission flud, brake fluid. Service procedure : precaution, on-car service, performance test, overall transmission, reduce drive gear assembly, control valve body, oil pump assembly, drive pinion shaft, reverse clutch, high clutch, forward clutch, high clutch, Differential case assembly.

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1992 Mitsubishi Engine 4G61 4G63 4G64 Service Manual

Part Content:Lubrication system oil pump type cooling system water pump type and number, throttle position sensor, closed throttle position switch. Total resurfacing depth both cylinder head and cylinder block, overall height. The camshaft identification mark is stamped on the rear end of the camshaft, fuel pump driving cam diameter journal diameter.

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Design and Function Volkswagen Golf MK5 The 2.0L FSI Turbocharged Engine

Fuel system overview : Demand-Controlled Fuel System, Low Pressure System, High Pressure System. Fuel System Components : Fuel Pump Control Module J538, Transfer Fuel Pump G6, High Pressure Fuel Pump with Fuel Pressure Regulator Valve N276, High Pressure Fuel Pump, High Pressure Fuel Pump Operation, Low Fuel Pressure Sensor G410, Fuel Pressure Sensor G247, Cylinder Fuel Injectors N30–N33, Fuel Injector Operation, Pressure Limiting Valve, Connector Fitting with Restrictor.

Engine Management : Modes of Operation, Actuators and Sensor Diagram, Functional Diagram. Service : Special Tools. Crankshaft The crankshaft meets the tough demands of the turbo FSI engine. The main bearing flanges and journals are designed to provide as much strength as possible. Engine Block The cylinder contact surfaces of the cast iron engine block are honed by means of liquid blasting. This type of honing shortens the run-in time of the engine. Engine Balance Shaft : The balance shaft assembly used in the engine: Optimizes engine vibrations, Has an oil pump with a wide gear, Has a pressure control regulator integrated into the balance shaft assembly.

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Computer Maintenance Tips

To prolong equipment life and avoid some typical hardware and software problems, please utilize the following suggestions:
Hardware Maintenance
• Keep your computer and diskettes away from any magnetized objects. Phones, copiers, stereo equipment or devices with motors generate a magnetic field that may damage your data.
• Keep your system away from heating and air conditioning vents, radiators, and open windows. This will prevent temperature fluctuations in your system hardware and reduce airborne particles like dust and smoke from entering your system.
• Never unplug a component while your system is running. Exit all programs and shut down your computer when plugging or unplugging computer devices and peripherals. Ignoring this advice can easily result in a short, therefore damaging either your computer or the device you are adding or removing. The only exception to this general rule is a USB component (like a digital camera) that is designed to be plugged in and out while the machine is running.
• Buy a Surge Protector. Surge Protectors are special power strips that absorb any power surges that may seriously damage memory chips and other components. You may want to shut your computer down during severe thunderstorms.
• Use antivirus software to detect viruses that can cause substantial damage to files in your computer. Be careful what you receive in Email and download off the Internet. The Internet has increasingly become a popular means of transporting viruses to personal computers. Fordham’s Email system in (Lotus Notes) is the only Email package you should trust to eliminate Email viruses before they come to your computer.
• Use anti-static mats under your computer. This will decrease the amount of static electricity in the vicinity of your computer. Static electricity is one of the primary causes of data loss.

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Incorporating Tutorial Strategies into an Intelligent Assistant

Computer tutors and intelligent software assistants have traditionally been thought of as different kinds of systems. However tutors and assistants share many properties. We have incorporated tutorial strategies into an intelligent assistant based on the COLLAGEN architecture. We are working on an agent, named Triton, which teaches and helps users with the graphical user interface of an air travel planning system. We found that the collaborative model underlying COLLAGEN is an excellent foundation for both an assistant and a tutor, and that both modes of interaction can be implemented in the same system with different parameter settings.

In this paper, we report on our work in progress to incorporate tutorial strategies into an intelligent assistant for an air travel planning application. Our initial findings are (1) that by viewing both tutoring and assisting as collaborative activities, the same set of mechanisms can be used to support both, and (2) that COLLAGEN can be extended and generalized to support both activities. This paper is a case study of how we extended COLLAGEN and used it to build a tutoring/assisting agent called Triton. We will describe some of the differences between tutoring and assisting, and discuss how these differences can be encoded as parameters, in a single system.

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Electric Power Transfer Capability: Concepts, Applications, Sensitivity, Uncertainty

Transfer of bulk electrical power over long distances is routine in North America in order to have a reliable and economical electrical supply. For example, hydro- electric power generated in Canada can be transferred to consumers and industry in Los Angeles using the high voltage transmission system. But the transmission system has a limited capability to transfer power. The maximum power that can be transferred is called the transfer capability. To operate the power system safely and to gain the benefits of the bulk power transfers, the transfer capabilities must be calculated and the power system planned and operated so that the power transfers do not exceed the transfer capability.

The purpose of this document is to explain concepts and calculations of transfer capability and describe applications of transfer capability. The document aims to give a tutorial introduction to some standard transfer capability concepts and introduce some new methods in transfer capability sensitivity and accounting for uncertainty.
Some highlights of the document are:
1. Explanation and illustration of transfer capability using a transfer capability calculator available on the web (chapter 1).
2. Discussion of transfer capability computations and applications (chapters 2 and 4).
3. Fast methods to compute transfer capability sensitivities to a wide range of parameters using formulas; testing of these methods on a 3357 bus system (chapter 3).
4. Extension of standard DC load flow transfer capability methods to AC load flow models and parameters (chapter 3).

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A Tutorial on Detection and Characterization of Special Behavior in Large Electric Power Systems

The objective of this document is to report results in the detection and characterization of special behavior
in large electric power systems. Such behavior is usually dynamic in nature, but not always. This is also
true for the underlying sources of special behavior. At the device level, a source of special behavior
might be an automatic control system, a dynamic load, or even a manual control system that is operated
according to some sharply defined policy. Other possible sources include passive system conditions, such
as the state of a switched device or the amount of power carried on some critical line.

Detection and characterization are based upon “signature information” that is extracted from the behavior
observed. Characterization elements include the signature information itself, the nature of the behavior
and its likely causes, and the associated implications for the system or for the public at large. With
sufficient data and processing, this characterization may directly identify a particular condition or device
at a specific location. Such conclusive results cannot always be done from just one observation, however.
Information environments that are very sparse may require multiple observations, comparative model
studies, and even direct testing of the system.

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BMW R1150GS cruise control

How to determine what type of brake calipers and ABS sytem is fitted. During development of the cruise control for the R1150GS we have been aware that there are two different types of front brake caliper and two different ABS systems fitted to this model, and some bikes without ABS. In order to supply the correct kit for the bike, we need to know what type of front brake calipers your bike has, and what ABS system (if any) the bike has. This is easy to determine by following the instructions below. Identifying the front brake calipers. The earlier models were fitted with Brembo brake calipers.

Later models were fitted with the Evolution brake package. This included these calipers, labeled with the BMW logo. Please specify what type of brake calipers are fitted to your bike, Brembo or BMW Evolution.

ABS (Anti-lock) brake system identification.
ABS brakes were an optional extra on the R1150GS. Some bikes will not have ABS brakes fitted. Some models were fitted with ABS 2 braking system. Later models were fitted with ABS 3 (Integral ABS). Se need to know what ABS system is fitted to the bike. If there is no tone wheel (a metal ring with multiple slots) fitted inside the left front brake disc on the front wheel, then the bike does not have ABS brakes.

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BMW D7 Workshop Manual

BMW D7 Marine Engine
A four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection and open-circuit cooling system. The Neoprene impeller of the coolant pump is driven directly from the crankshaft. Electric starter and flywheel alternator are standard equipment. The injection system is fitted with automatic bleeding.

This workshop manual describes complete procedures for dismantling, overhaul and assembly of the BMW D7 marine engine. If only part of the procedure is to be carried out (e.g. small repairs or replacement of gaskets, oilseals) the remainder can be ignored. The relevant technical data is provided with each section. General specifications are found on page iii. Assembly is generally a reversal of removal procedure. Special attention, however, should be paid to "notes on assembly". Checking and adjustment procedures, where applicable, are to be found at the end of the relevant section.

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