If a lateral tire force is acting on the wheel, a braking or accelerating force (tangential tire force) can only build up in a longitudinal direction up to the maximum total force (resulting force on surface). When this is reached, the wheel locks or spins. Conversely, only a limited lateral cornering force (lateral tire force) can be achieved under braking. If this is exceeded, the wheel slips in a lateral direction. This causes the vehicle to skid. If a braking force takes effect, the full lateral cornering force can be established in accordance with the radius of the Kamm's circle.
In the same way, the full braking or acceleration force can be established when the vehicle is driving straight ahead (again according to the radius). This relationship shows that acceleration or braking that is too rapid under cornering can cause the vehicle to skid, as any longitudinal force on the wheel, whether it serves to accelerate or brake, inevitably results in a failure of the lateral cornering forces. The radius of the Kamm's circle depends on the friction coefficient between the tire and the road, i.e. on the tire, the road surface and the road conditions. If the road is wet, for example, the radius is considerably smaller than if the road is dry.
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